Postoperative management and nursing care after implantation of a total artificial heart: Scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: End-stage heart failure (HF) is a condition whose only successful long-term treatment, with a survival of more than 10 years, is heart transplantation. However, limited organ availability and the progressive increase in the number of patients with advanced HF have served as an impetus for the development of implantable mechanical assistive devices. AIM: To provide an overview of postoperative management and nursing care after the implementation of a Total Artificial Heart (TAH). METHODS: A scoping review was carried out by consulting the PUBMED, CINAHL, and COCHRANE databases. From all the documents located, information was extracted on the date of publication, country of publication, type of study, and results of interest to answer the research question. In addition, the degree of recommendation was identified. RESULTS: Twenty-three documents were included in the scoping review. Results were classified in relation to: 1) description of the CAT SynCardia®; 2) nursing care in the immediate postoperative period (management of the device and management of hematological, infectious, nephrological, nutritional complications, related to immobilization, sleep-rest disturbances, psychological disorders, and patient and family education); and 3) follow-up at home. CONCLUSIONS: The complexity of implantation of the TAH, the multiple related complications that can arise during this process, both in the immediate post-operative and late, require a standardised and multidisciplinary management. The absence of standardised protocols raises the need for future studies to measure the effectiveness of care in patients with TAH. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial. Nurses must acquire autonomy and involvement in decision-making and develop competencies to address the patient's and family's physiological and psychosocial needs.

Dispositivos de assistência ventricular e cuidados de enfermagem / Dispositivos de asistencia ventricular y cuidados de enfermeria / Ventricular assist devices and nursing care

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o funcionamento, os benefícios e as complicações associadas ao uso de dispositivos de assistência ventricular e identificar as intervenções realizadas por enfermeiros no cuidado ao paciente com este dispositivo, de acordo com as evidências. Método: revisão integrativa, com artigos coletados em bases de dados da saúde, em fevereiro de 2015. Os descritores utilizados foram heart diseases, heart-assist devices e nursing. Identificaram-se 34 artigos, os quais foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: os dispositivos de assistência ventricular funcionam como bombas mecânicas promotoras de débito cardíaco adequado. Seu principal benefício é a estabilização hemodinâmica. A complicação mais comum é a infecção. Educação em saúde, suporte emocional, cuidados com sítio de saída e realização de curativo são os principais cuidados realizados por enfermeiros. Conclusão: as evidências comprovam a melhoria da sobrevida de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca grave com o uso dos dispositivos de assistência ventricular, reiterando a importância da ampliação dessa tecnologia no Brasil como possibilidade de tratamento.

RESUMO Objetivo: describir el funcionamiento, los beneficios y las complicaciones asociadas con el uso de dispositivos de asistencia ventricular e identificar las intervenciones de enfermería en la atención al paciente con este dispositivo, de acuerdo con la evidencia. Método: revisión integrativa, con los artículos recolectados en las bases de datos de salud en febrero de 2015. Los descriptores utilizados fueron heart deseases, heart-assist devices e nursing. Se identificaron 34 artículos, que fueron sometido al análisis temático. Resultados: los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular actúan como bombas mecánicas que promueven gasto cardíaco adecuado. Su ventaja principal es la estabilización hemodinámica. La complicación más común es la infección. educación para la salud, el apoyo emocional, la atención y la realización de vendajes del orificio de salida son la atención primaria por parte de enfermería. Conclusión: la evidencia apoya la mejora de la supervivencia de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca grave con el uso de dispositivos de asistencia ventricular, reiterando la importancia de la expansión de esta tecnología en Brasil como un posible tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Objective: describing the functioning, benefits and complications associated with the use of ventricular assist devices and identifying the interventions performed by nurses in the care of patients using this device, according to presented evidence. Method: an integrative review of articles collected in health databases conducted in February 2015. The descriptors used were heart diseases, heart-assist devices and nursing. We identified 34 articles, which were then submitted to thematic analysis. Results: ventricular assist devices function as mechanical pumps promoting adequate cardiac output. Their main benefit is hemodynamic stabilization. The most common complication is infection. Health education, emotional support, outpatient care and curative care are the main care actions performed by nurses. Conclusion: evidence confirms improvement in survival rates of patients with severe heart failure with the use of ventricular assist devices, reiterating the importance of expanding this technology in Brazil as a possibility for treatment.

Asistencia ventricular sistémica con dispositivo HeartMate 2como puente al trasplante en la transposición corregida de los grandes vasos / Systemic Ventricular Assistance Using a HeartMate 2 Device as Bridge to Transplant in a Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Vessels / Systemic ventricular assistance using a HeartMate 2 device as bridge to transplant in a congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels

Merced a los continuos progresos en el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico, el número de pacientes adultos portadores de cardiopatías congénitas se encuentra en incremento, quienes con el paso del tiempo desarrollan diversas complicaciones, entre ellas insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada, la cual puede requerir terapéuticas como el trasplante cardíaco y en ocasiones plantea la necesidad del implante de un dispositivo de asistencia circulatoria, ya sea como puente al trasplante o como tratamiento definitivo. En esta presentación se describe un caso que ilustra la problemática de la población portadora de cardiopatías congénitas en el adulto. Se trata de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 41 años, portador de transposición corregida de los grandes vasos que desarrolló insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada del ventrículo morfológicamente derecho, el cual sostiene la circulación sistémica. Ante reiteradas descompensaciones bajo tratamiento médico, incluido el uso domiciliario de inotrópicos, se procedió al implante de un dispositivo de asistencia circulatoria inicialmente planteado como puente al trasplante. Tras diversas complicaciones posoperatorias, el paciente fue derivado a una institución de rehabilitación a la espera del trasplante.

Due to continuous advances in medical and surgical treatment, the large number of adult patients with congenital heart diseases is increasing; with the passing of time, these conditions develop several complications including advanced heart failure, which may require therapeutic approaches such as cardiac transplant and, in certain cases, the implantation of a circulatory support device, both as a bridge to transplant or as a definitive treatment. This report describes a case that shows the problem of the adult population with congenital heart disease. We present a 41 year-old male patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels who developed advanced heart failure of the morphologically right ventricle, which supports the systemic circulation. Due to several decompensations under medical treatment, including the home use of inotropes, a circulatory support device was implanted as an early bridge to transplant. After several postoperative complications, the patient was transferred to a rehabilitation center to wait for transplantation.

Asistencia ventricular sistémica con dispositivo HeartMate 2como puente al trasplante en la transposición corregida de los grandes vasos / Systemic Ventricular Assistance Using a HeartMate 2 Device as Bridge to Transplant in a Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Vessels / Systemic ventricular assistance using a HeartMate 2 device as bridge to transplant in a congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels

Merced a los continuos progresos en el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico, el número de pacientes adultos portadores de cardiopatías congénitas se encuentra en incremento, quienes con el paso del tiempo desarrollan diversas complicaciones, entre ellas insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada, la cual puede requerir terapéuticas como el trasplante cardíaco y en ocasiones plantea la necesidad del implante de un dispositivo de asistencia circulatoria, ya sea como puente al trasplante o como tratamiento definitivo. En esta presentación se describe un caso que ilustra la problemática de la población portadora de cardiopatías congénitas en el adulto. Se trata de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 41 años, portador de transposición corregida de los grandes vasos que desarrolló insuficiencia cardíaca avanzada del ventrículo morfológicamente derecho, el cual sostiene la circulación sistémica. Ante reiteradas descompensaciones bajo tratamiento médico, incluido el uso domiciliario de inotrópicos, se procedió al implante de un dispositivo de asistencia circulatoria inicialmente planteado como puente al trasplante. Tras diversas complicaciones posoperatorias, el paciente fue derivado a una institución de rehabilitación a la espera del trasplante.(AU)

Due to continuous advances in medical and surgical treatment, the large number of adult patients with congenital heart diseases is increasing; with the passing of time, these conditions develop several complications including advanced heart failure, which may require therapeutic approaches such as cardiac transplant and, in certain cases, the implantation of a circulatory support device, both as a bridge to transplant or as a definitive treatment. This report describes a case that shows the problem of the adult population with congenital heart disease. We present a 41 year-old male patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels who developed advanced heart failure of the morphologically right ventricle, which supports the systemic circulation. Due to several decompensations under medical treatment, including the home use of inotropes, a circulatory support device was implanted as an early bridge to transplant. After several postoperative complications, the patient was transferred to a rehabilitation center to wait for transplantation.(AU)